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Rapeseed oil has a similar oleic acid/linoleic acid ratio to human milk fat (HMF). However, it can hardly be used for human milk fat substitute (HMFS) synthesis due to high erucic acid content. In this study, Candida cylindracea lipase (CCL) was found to strongly discriminate against erucic acid. Free fatty acids containing low erucic acid and high oleic acid and linoleic acid were prepared from rapeseed oil hydrolysis catalyzed by CCL. The erucic acid content was only 1.58% (initial 8.70%), when the degree of hydrolysis reached 79.58%. The free fatty acids were used as acyl-donors in the acidolysis catalyzed by Novozym 40086. Considering acyl incorporation and migration, the optimum conditions were 1:8 (tripalmitin to acyl-donors), 40 °C and 2 h. The erucic acid content dropped to 0.97% in the HMFS. According to the Q-TOF-MS analysis, the HMFS was rich in 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl-glycerol (18.20%) and 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-linoleoyl-glycerol (17.96%), which was similar to HMF. Associated Products

A two-step electrochemical method is proposed for the in-situ deposition of copper and synthesis of copper(Ⅰ) sulfide (Cu 2 S) with controllable morphology on nickel foam (NF), and the thus-prepared self-supported Cu 2 S@NF electrodes exhibit excellent performance as bifunctional electrocatalysts . Characterizations with scanning electron microscopy show rock-shape of the deposited copper through potentiostatic method, which can be further sulfurized to microflower morphology by a unique underpotential electrochemical method. The size and amount of the deposits can be adjusted by controlling applied potentials, leading to the optimization of electrocatalytic activity . The Cu 2 S@NF exhibits superior electrocatalytic performance towards HER and OER in 1 M KOH with the low overpotentials of 105 mV and 194 mV at 10 mA/cm 2 , as well as small Tafel slopes of 92.89 mV/dec and 72.81 mV/dec, respectively. This work provides a simple method for the synthesis of efficient catalysts, which can be extended to the fabrication of other transition metal-based electrocatalysts. Associated Products

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have received widespread attention due to their high specific capacity (820 mA h g −1 ), high safety and low cost. Manganese (Mn)-based oxides show great potential as cathode materials for aqueous ZIBs , but they also face problems of low conductivity and poor rate performance. The introduction of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can improve the hydrophilicity, enhance the conductivity of Mn-based oxides, and further improve the cycling performances of the ZIBs at high current density. Therefore, in this paper, Mn-based metal-organic-framework (Mn-MOF) is chosen as a template, while carboxylic CNTs are introduced during the synthesis process of Mn-MOF, finally after further calcination , composite material of Mn-based oxides, MOF-derived carbon and CNTs (MnO x @C@CNT) is prepared as the cathode for aqueous ZIBs. After 5000 cycles at a current density of 3 A g −1 , the capacity retains 96.7 mA h g −1 , while the capacity decay rate is 2% only. This work provides a solution to the challenges of Mn-based oxides for aqueous ZIBs cathode, thus achieve better electrochemical performances. Associated Products

In recent years, non-conjugated polymer dots (PDs) have attracted considerable interests due to their fundamental importance and potential applications in diverse areas. Herein, we synthesized the green emissive non-conjugated PT PDs with polyethyleneimine (PEI) and tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC) as precursors in one-pot at room temperature with the quantum yield at 25%. Surprisingly, PT PDs solutions could be transformed to hydrogels by pH alteration. By characterization, PT PDs hydrogels performed porous structure with large surface area and positively charged functional groups. Anionic dyes could be easily adsorbed into PT PDs hydrogels through multiple electrostatic interactions. In addition, PT PDs could specifically detect tert -butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) with a low detection limit (27 µM), suggesting their high sensitivity. More importantly, the developed method was successfully applied the detection of TBHQ in the peanut oil, implicating their practical application. Associated Products

The conventional Pb–Ag alloy possesses a high oxygen evolution reaction overpotential, poor stability, and short service life in acidic solutions, making it an unsuitable sort of anode material for the zinc electrowinning process. Therefore, a layered carbon-covered cobalt tetroxide (Co3O4@C)-reinforced PbO2-coated electrode is fabricated via a facile two-step pyrolysis-oxidation and subsequent electrodeposition process. As a result, the reinforced PbO2-coated electrode exhibits a low OER overpotential of 517 mV at 500 A m−2 and a Tafel slope of 0.152 V per decade in a zinc electrowinning simulation solution (0.3 M ZnSO4 and 1.53 M H2SO4). The reduced overpotential of 431 mV at 500 A m−2 compared to traditional Pb–0.76%Ag alloy leads to improved energy savings, which is attributable to the presence of Co3O4@C to refine the grain size and thus increase the effective contact area. Moreover, the reinforced PbO2-coated electrode has a prolonged service life of 93 h at 20 000 A m−2 in 1.53 M H2SO4. Therefore, an accessible and efficient strategy for preparing a coated electrode to improve OER performance for zinc electrowinning is presented in this research. Associated Products

The catalytic enhancement of counter electrode materials is of an essential move for the overall evolution of QDSSCs. While the commonly used Cu 2 S/Cu counter electrode is easy to be eroded off by sulfur electrolyte, resulting in photoanode pollution. Herein, rough polyhedron Cu/Co@NCF composite is smoothly prepared via hydrothermal and synchronous doping method to replace Cu 2 S/Cu application. With the ZIF-67 as carbon source and morphology support, Cu and Co nanoparticles (NPs) are uniformly embedded in the carbon polyhedron without agglomeration, while the doping of nitrogen makes the composites have better porous structure. Combining the superior catalytic from Cu and Co particles with the electrical conductivity and stability from the carbon frame, the Cu/Co@NCF composite as QDSSCs counter electrode achieves an excellent photoelectric conversion effect (6.66%), close to that of Cu 2 S/Cu (7.29%). With stable and excellent counter electrode performance, Cu/Co@NCF composite unquestionably has the potential to be an alternative material for the CE application of QDSSCs. Associated Products

Stimuli-responsive phosphorescence materials with dynamic color-changing properties are highly promising for advanced information security. Herein, we demonstrate a novel strategy that effectively induces tunable dynamic phosphorescence color from carbon dots (CDs) on papers via surface ionization engineering for multimode encryption and information storage. Alkali-induced phenolic hydroxyl ionization on CDs can boost intersystem crossing rates , while surface-ionized groups with negative charges significantly passivate the surface defects and reduce non-radiative transitions, which can activate surface state-related blue phosphorescence emission. Combined with the carbon core state-related yellow-green phosphorescence, excitation/time-dependent phosphorescence color-changing from yellow-green to blue are realized from alkali (Na 2 CO 3 ) treated CDs on paper. Furthermore, benefiting from the transition from NaHCO 3 to Na 2 CO 3 under thermal treatment, dynamic color-changing phosphorescence can also be activated by thermally stimulating NaHCO 3 -treated CDs on paper. Finally, multi-stimuli (alkali or thermal) and multi-modal dynamic phosphorescent colors from a single CDs system are realized for the first time. Based on these unique features, multimode encryption and smart 3D codes with anti-counterfeiting and monitoring functions for medicine during transport or storage are demonstrated by combining an inkjet printing technique using CD inks. Associated Products

In recent years, treatment of landfill leachate is becoming a hot issue in the disposal of municipal solid waste . In this study, electro-Fenton (EF) was conducted to dispose landfill leachate pre-treated by membrane bio-reactor (MBR). The optimum operating parameters were evaluated by the orthogonal experiment: U = 5.5 V, t  = 50 min, H 2 O 2 /COD 0  = 1.5, H 2 O 2 /Fe 2+  = 2.5 and pH = 4.0. Average COD removal reached 93.90% at a 95% confidence level and voltage, HRT and H 2 O 2 /Fe 2+ were found to significantly affect COD removal. Landfill leachate was further diluted by distilled water or EF effluent with different dilution ratio and then followed by EF treatment. With a dilution ratio of EF effluent: landfill leachate = 2:1, electro-Fenton got the best treatment performance, whose COD decreased to 36.2 mg/L, meeting the effluent discharge standard of China. The residual active chlorine species and oxidizing matters in EF effluent improved the effect of following electro-Fenton process. Through analysis of ultraviolet-visible spectrometry (UV–vis) and three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectrometry (3D-EEM), humic acids , ultraviolet fulvic acids , visible fulvic acids in landfill leachate was effectively decomposed and the humification of landfill leachate decreased significantly in this treatment mode. Comparing with other reported works, this treatment obtained high removal efficiency (91.90–93.35%), low energy consumption (3.32–6.24 kWh/kgCOD) and low treatment cost (0.853–1.418 US$/m 3 ). This work provided a new perspective in the EF treatment of landfill leachate through diluted by EF effluent with suitable dilution ratio and operating parameters. Associated Products

The hybrid composite of silver nanowires (AgNWs) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was synthesized in situ by an improved polyol–thermal method. The AgNWs-RGO with mass contents of 5–37 wt% was added into the thermo-reversible Diels–Alder reaction polyurethane (DA-PU) matrix with the AgNWs as the main conductor and the RGO as the auxiliary conductor to prepare self-healing composite conductive films. Further, the electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, mechanical properties, infrared thermal response, and self-healing property of the composite film under infrared light irradiation were studied. The experimental results demonstrate that the AgNWs-RGO endows the composite film with good electrical and thermal conductivity and infrared thermal response ability, while the mechanical properties of the composite film decrease as the AgNWs-RGO mass content increases. The self-healing efficiency of the composite film is higher than that of the pure DA-PU under infrared light irradiation due to the good infrared photothermal response ability of the AgNWs-RGO. When the mass content of AgNWs-RGO in the composite film was 25 wt%, the AgNWs-RGO showed good dispersion in composite films, and the resistivity, thermal conductivity, and tensile strength of the composite film were 0.544 Ω·m, 0.3039 W·m−1·K−1, and 9.05 MPa, respectively. The infrared photothermal conversion temperature of the composite film is 158.5 °C (3450 lux for 1 min), and the infrared photothermal self-healing efficiency is 118% (3450 lux for 600 s). The AgNWs-RGO also improves the multiple self-healing ability of the composite film. The use of a high mass content of AgNWs-RGO in the composite film is beneficial in obtaining high multiple self-healing efficiencies. The first and the fifth infrared thermal self-healing efficiencies of the composite film with AgNWs-RGO of 35 wt% are 105% and 86%, respectively, and the resistivity of the composite film changes little and still maintains good conductivity.Keywords:silver nanowires;reduced graphene oxide;thermo-reversible Diels–Alder reaction polyurethane;self-healing;flexible conductive film Associated Products

The discrepancy of the electrostatic interaction of negatively charged signal molecules to long and short DNA strands of the modified electrode surface has been used for the first time to the develop an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor for human papillomavirus 16 (HPV 16) DNA detection. The short single-stranded capture probe (CP) was modified first on the surface of the gold electrode, which only has a small amount of negative charge. The electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged tris(2,2′-bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) chloride hexahydrate-doped SiO2 nanoparticles (Ru@SiO2 NPs) and CP is weak, hence Ru@SiO2 NPs easily diffuse to the surface of the electrode to generate a strong ECL signal. Hybrid chain reaction (HCR) amplification products (long strand dsDNA) were prepared in homogeneous solution in advance. When the target was present, the dsDNA can be connected on the electrode surface and cause the enhancement of the negative charge on the electrode surface. Owing to electrostatic interaction and steric hindrance, Ru@SiO2 NPs are difficult to diffuse to the electrode surface, resulting in a significantly reduced ECL signal. The decrease of ECL signal is linearly correlated with the logarithm of the HPV concentration under optimal conditions, with the detection range being 0.1 fM −5 pM with a limit of 1.41 aM. This innovative methodology expands the application of electrostatic interaction in ECL sensing, but can also easily develop biosensors for detecting other targets by changing the DNA sequence used in this strategy. Associated Products

Effective hemostasis, antibacterial, and anti-inflammation are essential for wound healing, which, however, are hampered by the structural deficiencies of traditional wound dressings. Herein, we prepared a three-dimensional (3D) layered nanofiber sponge (3D-Ag MOF -CUR), where silver-metal organic framework (Ag-MOF) was grown in situ and curcumin (CUR) was loaded, to promote the wound healing by timely absorbing exudate at the wound site, accelerating hemostasis, as well as resisting bacteria growth and inflammation. Nanostructure, water absorption capacity, porosity, elasticity and tensile properties, and drug release in vitro of the 3D-Ag MOF -CUR were systemically characterized. Its outstanding hemostasis and coagulation effect were demonstrated by in vitro coagulation and blood suction tests. Experimental results from CCK-8 assay, disk diffusion and bacterial co-culture methods further evidenced the fantastic antibacterial effect and good cytocompatibility of the 3D-Ag MOF -CUR. In addition, its high wound healing efficiency was confirmed in vivo , as revealed by improved wound healing efficiency and significantly decreased scar area during the healing process of a wound infection model. This study demonstrated that the layered 3D nanofiber sponge could shed light on the clinical wound healing in the future. Associated Products

Currently, researches on nanomaterials have been restricted by slow and multistep synthesis procedures. Herein, we demonstrate an ultrafast, one step method of purification and delivery of quantum dots into living cells, actuated by the acoustic streaming (AS) produced through a gigahertz resonator. Results demonstrate that the impurities in the carbon dots (CDs) can be extracted immediately aided by the acoustic forcing, with extra high purification efficiency of 93%. The system can also efficiently deliver the CDs into cells, showing excellent nucleus and mitochondria uptake under 3 min of AS treatment, and making the organelles of cells to be recorded more easily and simultaneously. More importantly, the AS is found to further accelerate the bioreaction inside the cells, thus realizes the enhanced biosensing of Fe 3+ in single living cells. This work develops a novel type of multifunctional method for effective purification, intracellular delivery and biosensing of nanomaterials, inspiring the biological/medical nanotechnology researches at subcellular level. Associated Products