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Basic Description
| Synonyms | AC-9617 | Carbohydroquinonic acid | DIHYDROXYBENZOIC ACID, 3,4- | Protocatechuic acid, primary pharmaceutical reference standard | NCGC00246757-01 | KUC104409N | Q418599 | STL163570 | 4fht | MLS000737807 | 1225528-47-1 | AM20060767 | EINECS 202-760-0 | SY |
|---|---|
| Specifications & Purity | ≥97% |
| Biochemical and Physiological Mechanisms | Chemopreventive in several animal models of carcinogenesis. Blocks cell proliferation in the post-initiation phase.Phenolic acid, major metabolite of antioxidant polyphenols. Anti-inflammatory, chemopreventive effects in vitro and in vivo. Orally active. |
| Storage Temp | Protected from light |
| Shipped In | Normal |
| Note | Wherever possible, you should prepare and use solutions on the same day. However, if you need to make up stock solutions in advance, we recommend that you store the solution as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20°C. Generally, these will be useable for up to one month. Before use, and prior to opening the vial we recommend that you allow your product to equilibrate to room temperature for at least 1 hour. Need more advice on solubility, usage and handling? Please visit our frequently asked questions (FAQ) page for more details. |
| Product Description |
Protocatechuic Acid is a phenolic acid antioxidant present in fruits, vegetables and nuts. Protocatechuic Acid has been found to be an efficacious chemopreventive agent in several carcinogenesis models. 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is reported as dietery polyphenol. Antiviral activity of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (protocatechuic acid, PCA) against a virulent H9N2 strain in a mouse model is reported.Cytotoxic effects of PCA on 3 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, A549, H3255, and Calu-6 cell lines is reported. PCA is reported to prevent the carcinogenesis or antitumor growth in vivo. Signaling pathway involved in PCA-induced apoptosis in human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells is reported. The oxidation of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid by H2O2 in aqueous/goethite slurry at varying operating conditions (catalyst load, temperature, pH, substrate and hydrogen peroxide starting concentration) is investigated. A phenolic acid antioxidant and chemopreventive agent. 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is suitable for use in a study to investigate the effect of 4-coumaric and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid on the basal oxidative DNA damage of rat colonic mucosa in vivo. It may be used in the derivatization of chitosan resin. |
Taxonomic Classification
Taxonomy Tree
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Kingdom
Organic compounds
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Superclass
Benzenoids
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Class
Benzene and substituted derivatives
- Subclass Benzoic acids and derivatives
-
Class
Benzene and substituted derivatives
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Superclass
Benzenoids
| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
|---|---|
| Superclass | Benzenoids |
| Class | Benzene and substituted derivatives |
| Subclass | Benzoic acids and derivatives |
| Intermediate Tree Nodes | Not available |
| Direct Parent | Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives |
| Alternative Parents | Benzoic acids Catechols Benzoyl derivatives 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoids 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives Carboxylic acids Organooxygen compounds Organic oxides Hydrocarbon derivatives |
| Molecular Framework | Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds |
| Substituents | Dihydroxybenzoic acid - Hydroxybenzoic acid - Benzoic acid - Benzoyl - Catechol - 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid - 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid - Phenol - Carboxylic acid derivative - Carboxylic acid - Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives - Organic oxygen compound - Hydrocarbon derivative - Organooxygen compound - Organic oxide - Aromatic homomonocyclic compound |
| Description | This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives. These are compounds containing a hydroxybenzoic acid (or a derivative), which is a benzene ring bearing a carboxyl and a hydroxyl groups. |
| External Descriptors | catechols - dihydroxybenzoic acid |
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Associated Targets(Human)
CA2
Tclin
Carbonic anhydrase 2 (1 Activities)
| Activity Type | Activity Value -log(M) | Mechanism of Action | Activity Reference | Publications (PubMed IDs) |
|---|
CA14
Tclin
Carbonic anhydrase 14 (1 Activities)
| Activity Type | Activity Value -log(M) | Mechanism of Action | Activity Reference | Publications (PubMed IDs) |
|---|
CA2
Tclin
Carbonic anhydrase II (17698 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
ESR1
Tclin
Estrogen receptor alpha (17718 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
ALOX5
Tclin
Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (6568 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
CYP19A1
Tclin
Cytochrome P450 19A1 (6099 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
TYR
Tclin
Tyrosinase (717 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
PTGS2
Tclin
Cyclooxygenase-2 (13999 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
AKR1B1
Tclin
Aldose reductase (1404 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
CSNK2A1
Tchem
Casein kinase II alpha (3512 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
PLA2G7
Tchem
LDL-associated phospholipase A2 (1338 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
CA6
Tclin
Carbonic anhydrase VI (993 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
CA1
Tclin
Carbonic anhydrase I (13240 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
POLB
Tchem
DNA polymerase beta (23632 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
ALB
Tchem
Serum albumin (2651 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
GAA
Tclin
Lysosomal alpha-glucosidase (35701 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
CA14
Tclin
Carbonic anhydrase XIV (1305 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
MMP3
Tchem
Matrix metalloproteinase 3 (3433 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
MMP8
Tchem
Matrix metalloproteinase 8 (1942 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
NR1H3
Tchem
LXR-alpha (2891 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
CA12
Tclin
Carbonic anhydrase XII (6231 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
SELL
Tchem
Leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (145 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
CA9
Tclin
Carbonic anhydrase IX (8255 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
MMP1
Tchem
Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (7046 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
NR1H2
Tchem
LXR-beta (3841 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
HL-60 (67320 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
Hs68 (138 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
MCF7 (126967 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
SW480 (6023 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
A549 (127892 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
HEK293 (82097 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
HeLa (62764 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
KETR3 (279 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
PSMB5
Tclin
Proteasome Macropain subunit MB1 (2451 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
SMMC-7721 (5516 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
POLI
Tchem
DNA polymerase iota (116820 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
EGLN1
Tclin
Egl nine homolog 1 (1702 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
Liver (3974 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
L3MBTL1
Tchem
Lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 1 (14536 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
KDM4E
Tchem
Lysine-specific demethylase 4D-like (40243 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
GMNN
Tbio
Geminin (128009 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
RAPGEF3
Tchem
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 (15528 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
RUNX1
Tbio
Runt-related transcription factor 1/Core-binding factor subunit beta (7867 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
GLS
Tchem
Glutaminase kidney isoform, mitochondrial (16997 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
ANTXR2
Tchem
Anthrax toxin receptor 2 (35 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
SLC26A4
Tbio
Pendrin (86 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
Associated Targets(non-human)
Ca7
Carbonic anhydrase VII (3 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
CTSL
Cathepsin L (58 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
Sele
Selectin E (1 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
Selp
P-selectin (7 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
CA4
Carbonic anhydrase IV (1713 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
Mmp2
Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (12 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
Mmp9
Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (38 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
pol
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase (9041 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
aroB
3-dehydroquinate synthase (25 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
Carbonic anhydrase (69 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (123386 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
Klebsiella pneumoniae (43867 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
Staphylococcus aureus (210822 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
Acinetobacter baumannii (41033 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
Escherichia coli (133304 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
Aspergillus flavus (8875 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
Aspergillus niger (16508 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
Bacillus subtilis (32866 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (203094 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (19171 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
Plasmodium falciparum (966862 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
Cryptococcus neoformans (21258 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
Candida albicans (78123 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
Brugia malayi (1377 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
Meloidogyne incognita (862 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (70413 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (7991 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
B16 (5829 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
BV-2 (3710 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
HT-22 (3261 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
lef
Anthrax lethal factor (7585 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
rep
Replicase polyprotein 1ab (378 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
Brain (1 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
Mapt
Microtubule-associated protein tau (6 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
ffp
4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferase ffp (24982 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
M18AAP
M18 aspartyl aminopeptidase (242 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
PPO
Polyphenol oxidase (10 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
Heterodera zeae (651 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
Fusarium graminearum (1554 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
DHODH
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (fumarate) (195 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
MC3T3-E1 (421 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
SARS-CoV-2 (38078 Activities)
| Activity Type | Relation | Activity value | Units | Action Type | Journal | PubMed Id | doi | Assay Aladdin ID |
|---|
Mechanisms of Action
| Mechanism of Action | Action Type | target ID | Target Name | Target Type | Target Organism | Binding Site Name | References |
|---|
Names and Identifiers
| Pubchem Sid | 488179485 |
|---|---|
| Pubchem Sid Url | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/488179485 |
| IUPAC Name | 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid |
| INCHI | InChI=1S/C7H6O4/c8-5-2-1-4(7(10)11)3-6(5)9/h1-3,8-9H,(H,10,11) |
| InChIKey | YQUVCSBJEUQKSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| Smiles | C1=CC(=C(C=C1C(=O)O)O)O |
| Isomeric SMILES | C1=CC(=C(C=C1C(=O)O)O)O |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | UL0560000 |
| Molecular Weight | 154.12 |
| Beilstein | 1448841 |
| Reaxy-Rn | 1448841 |
| Reaxys-RN_link_address | https://www.reaxys.com/reaxys/secured/hopinto.do?context=S&query=IDE.XRN=1448841&ln= |
Certificates（CoA,COO,BSE/TSE and Analysis Chart)
C of A & Other Certificates(BSE/TSE, COO):
Analytical Chart:
Find and download the COA for your product by matching the lot number on the packaging.
| Lot Number | Certificate Type | Date | Item |
|---|---|---|---|
 D2514012 |
Certificate of Analysis | Apr 29, 2025 | P104382 |
| I1923080 |
Certificate of Analysis | Jul 10, 2023 | P104382 |
| L2214240 |
Certificate of Analysis | Nov 28, 2022 | P104382 |
| D2515016 |
Certificate of Analysis | Nov 28, 2022 | P104382 |
| L2405032 |
Certificate of Analysis | Nov 28, 2022 | P104382 |
| C2418069 |
Certificate of Analysis | Nov 28, 2022 | P104382 |
| L2214366 |
Certificate of Analysis | Nov 28, 2022 | P104382 |
| I2404024 |
Certificate of Analysis | Nov 28, 2022 | P104382 |
| L2214375 |
Certificate of Analysis | Nov 28, 2022 | P104382 |
| L2214239 |
Certificate of Analysis | Nov 28, 2022 | P104382 |
| L2214373 |
Certificate of Analysis | Nov 28, 2022 | P104382 |
| L2214374 |
Certificate of Analysis | Nov 28, 2022 | P104382 |
| J2431139 |
Certificate of Analysis | Nov 28, 2022 | P104382 |
| L2214364 |
Certificate of Analysis | Nov 28, 2022 | P104382 |
| G2227417 |
Certificate of Analysis | Jun 11, 2022 | P104382 |
| G2227435 |
Certificate of Analysis | Jun 11, 2022 | P104382 |
| G2227368 |
Certificate of Analysis | Jun 11, 2022 | P104382 |
| G2227436 |
Certificate of Analysis | Jun 11, 2022 | P104382 |
| G2131384 |
Certificate of Analysis | Jul 05, 2021 | P104382 |
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Chemical and Physical Properties
| Solubility | Soluble in water (1:50), ethanol, and ether. |
|---|---|
| Sensitivity | Light sensitive. |
| Melt Point(°C) | 200°C |
| Molecular Weight | 154.120 g/mol |
| XLogP3 | 1.100 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 3 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 4 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 1 |
| Exact Mass | 154.027 Da |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 154.027 Da |
| Topological Polar Surface Area | 77.800 Ų |
| Heavy Atom Count | 11 |
| Formal Charge | 0 |
| Complexity | 157.000 |
| Isotope Atom Count | 0 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Defined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| The total count of all stereochemical bonds | 0 |
| Covalently-Bonded Unit Count | 1 |
Alternative Products
-
Protocatechuic acidStarting at $68.90
-
Protocatechuic acid
Starting at $46.90
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