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Neuropeptides
Neuropeptides are active signaling molecules synthesized by neurons. Their communication typically occurs locally—one neuron releases a neuropeptide, which then binds to a G-protein–coupled receptor located on a nearby neuron’s surface. While often co-released alongside a primary neurotransmitter, neuropeptides differ in several ways: they are larger in size (ranging from 3 to 36 amino acids in length) and, once secreted, are not recycled back into the cell. Enzymatic processing by extracellular peptidases can either deactivate the neuropeptide or enhance its binding affinity for specific receptors.
These molecules regulate a broad spectrum of physiological and behavioral functions, including addiction, metabolic activity, appetite control, learning processes, reproductive functions, pain modulation, and social interactions. They are also implicated in internal stress responses such as anxiety and depression. Disruptions in neuropeptide signaling have been linked to neurological disorders. By examining how external influences interact with neuropeptide structure, function, and biological impact, scientists can develop innovative treatments and gain deeper insights into human physiology.
Neuropeptides are stored within large, dense-core vesicles and are released in tandem with other neurotransmitters during neuronal signaling.
Neurokinin Receptor
Tachykinin peptides form one of the largest and most widely distributed families of neuropeptides. They act through three main receptor subtypes: neurokinin 1 (NK1), neurokinin 2 (NK2), and neurokinin 3 (NK3). The physiological actions of tachykinins include inducing smooth muscle contraction, facilitating excitatory neurotransmission within the central nervous system, modulating immune and inflammatory processes, and promoting the secretion of both endocrine and exocrine glands. Advances in synthetic chemistry have enabled structural modifications of tachykinins, leading to small-molecule ligands with enhanced receptor selectivity and greater potency.
ID | Name | Receptor | Description | Purity |
Eledoisin | NK2/3 | Substance P analog; NK agonist. | ≥98% | |
Eledoisin Related Peptide TFA | NK2/3 | Substance P analog; NK agonist. | ≥98% | |
Men 10376 TFA | NK2 | NK2 antagonist. | ≥99% | |
Neurokinin A (4-10) | NK1/2 | NK1/2 agonist. | ≥98% | |
Neurokinin B | NK3 | NK3 agonist. | ≥95% | |
Neuropeptide K | NK2 | Endogenous peptide, N-terminal-extended neurokinin A analog; NK2 agonist. | ≥95% | |
γ-Neuropeptide
| NK1/2 | Endogenous neuropeptide; NK2 agonist. | ≥95% | |
Substance P TFA | NK1 | Endogenous tachykinin peptide, involved in inflammation, stress signaling, nociception; NK1 agonist. | ≥99% | |
Substance P (7-11) | NK1 | Endogenous tachykinin peptide, involved in inflammation, stress signaling, nociception; NK1 agonist. | ≥95% | |
[Sar9]-Substance P | NK1 | Endogenous tachykinin peptide, involved in inflammation, stress signaling, nociception; NK1 agonist. | ≥97% | |
[Tyr8]-Substance P | NK1 | Endogenous tachykinin peptide, involved in inflammation, stress signaling, nociception; NK1 agonist. | ≥95% ≥98% |
µ-Opioid Receptor
The µ-opioid receptors (µORs) are a subtype of opioid receptors found predominantly in the brain and, to a lesser extent, in specific regions of the spinal cord. They are activated by both endogenous neuropeptides and naturally occurring alkaloid opiates—the most well-known example being morphine. Research into these receptors has significantly advanced our understanding of pain modulation, stress responses, reward pathways, and the mechanisms underlying drug addiction. Among the endogenous ligands, neuropeptides such as enkephalins and β-endorphin display the greatest binding affinity for µORs.
ID | Name | Receptor | Description | Purity |
Adrenorphin | µOR | Cleavage product of proenkephalin; κOR/μOR agonist. | ≥95% | |
CTAP | µOR | μOR agonist. | ≥95% | |
DAMGO | µOR | μOR agonist. | ≥95% | |
Dermorphin | µOR | Opioid peptide; μOR agonist. | ≥96% | |
[Met5]-Enkephalin, amide TFA | µOR | Endogenous opioid peptide; δOR and μOR agonist. | ≥98% | |
Endomorphin-1 | µOR | Endogenous opioid peptide; μOr agonist. | ≥98% | |
Endomorphin 2 TFA | µOR | Endogenous opioid peptide; μOr agonist. | ≥98% | |
β-Endorphin, human trifluoroacetate salt | µOR | Endogenous opioid peptide; μOR agonist. | ≥96% | |
[Leu5]-Enkephalin | µOR | Endogenous opioid peptide; δOR and μOR agonist. | ≥98% | |
Met-Enkephalin TFA | µOR | Endogenous opioid peptide; δOR and μOR agonist. | ≥95% |
Neuropeptide Y Receptor
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptors are activated by three related peptides: neuropeptide Y, peptide YY, and pancreatic polypeptide. In mammals, this receptor family comprises five identified subtypes—designated Y1 through Y5. NPY receptors play a key role in regulating a range of behavioral functions, including appetite control, anxiety modulation, and emotional balance. Dysregulation of these receptors has been linked to several human disorders, such
ID | Name | Receptor | Description | Purity |
Neuropeptide Y (13-36), amide, human | NPYR | Involved in feeding behavior, stress signaling, circadian rhythm; Y1-5 agonist. | ≥98% | |
[¹²⁵I]PP (human) | NPYR | Regulates pancreatic cell signaling; Y4 agonist. | ≥95% | |
Bovine Pancreatic Polypeptide | | NPYR | Agonist of NPFF1 receptor; Agonist of NPFF2 receptor | ≥95% | |
Frog Pancreatic Polypeptide | NPYR | Agonist of NPFF1 receptor;Agonist of NPFF2 receptor | ≥95% | |
Peptide YY, human | NPYR | Involved in enteric movement and feeding behavior; Y1/2 agonist. | ≥97% | |
Peptide YY (3-36) human TFA | NPYR | Involved in enteric movement and feeding behavior; Y1/2 agonist. | ≥98% |
Vasopressin Receptor
Vasopressin is a neuropeptide produced in the hypothalamus. Along with its analogs, it acts on the vasopressin receptor family, which includes three subtypes: V1, V2, and V3. Among its best-characterized physiological roles are elevating arterial blood pressure by inducing arteriole constriction, and regulating extracellular fluid balance by promoting water reabsorption in the kidneys (hence its alternative name, antidiuretic hormone or ADH). Vasopressin may also influence social behaviors and modulate stress responses.
ID | Name | Receptor | Description | Purity |
Argipressin Acetate | V1/2 | Involved in vascular contractility and water/Na+ homeostasis; V1/2 agonist. | ≥98% | |
Atosiban Acetate | V1/2, OXTR | V1/2 and OXTR antagonist. | ≥98% | |
Desmorpressin | V2 | Synthetic vasopressin derivative; V2 agonist. | ≥97% | |
Desmorpressin Acetate | V2 | Vasopressin derivative; V2 agonist. | ≥98% | |
Lysipressin Acetate | V1/2 | Involved in vascular contraction; V1/2 agonist. | ≥98% | |
[Lys8]-Vasopressin TFA | V1/2 | Vasopressin analog; V1/2 agonist. | ≥98% | |
[Arg8]-Vasotocin | V, OXTR | Oxytocin-vasopressin analog. | ≥95% |
Additional Neuropeptides
ID | Name | Receptor | Description | Purity |
Bombesin acetate | BBR | GRP analog, found in Bombina; bombesin and GRP agonist, hERG K+ channel blocker. | ≥97% | |
Litorin TFA salt | BBR | Bombesin-like peptide found in amphibians. | ≥97% | |
Neuromedin B (1-30) (human) | BBR | Involved in endocrine signaling and feeding behavior; BB1 agonist. | ≥95% | |
GRP-(18-27) | BBR | Involved in endocrine signaling and feeding behavior; BB2 agonist. | ≥95% | |
Gastrin-1, rat | CCK2 | CCK2 agonist, indirect H+/K+ ATPase activator. | ≥97% | |
Gastrin I, human | CCK2 | Involved in feeding behavior and enteric movement; CCK2 agonist, indirect H+/K+ ATPase activator. | ≥97% | |
Sincalide(CCK Octapeptide sulfated) | CCK2 | Peptide fragment of CCK; CCK agonist. | ≥97% | |
Adrenocorticotropic hormone fragment 1-39 | MC2 | Involved in stress signaling; MC2 agonist. | ≥97% | |
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Fragment 1-10 human, Acetate | MC2 | Involved in stress signaling; MC2 agonist. | ≥98% | |
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Fragment 1-14 | MC2 | Involved in stress signaling; MC2 agonist. | ≥97% | |
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) (18-39), human TFA | MC2 | Involved in stress signaling; MC2 agonist. | ≥99% | |
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Fragment 1-16 human | MC2 | Involved in stress signaling; MC2 agonist. | ≥97% | |
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Fragment 1-24 human | MC2 | Involved in stress signaling; MC2 agonist. | ≥97% | |
| S396660 | Somatostatin-14 Acetate | SSTR | Somatostatin agonist, GABA modulator. | ≥98% |
Somatostatin-14 | SSTR | Somatostatin agonist, GABA modulator. | ≥97% | |
Somatostatin-28 | SSTR | Somatostatin agonist, GABA modulator. | ≥97% | |
Somatostatin | SSTR | Somatostatin agonist, GABA modulator. | ≥95% | |
Somatostatin 1-28 TFA | SSTR | Somatostatin agonist, GABA modulator. | ≥98% | |
Vapreotide | SSTR | Synthetic somatostatin analog; somatostatin 2 agonist. | ≥95% |
About us
Aladdin Sci specializes in producing and supplying high-purity biochemicals to support diverse areas of life science research, including cancer biology, immunology, cardiovascular studies, microbiology, and neuroscience. Our extensive product portfolio offers a wide range of compounds suitable for numerous in vitro and in vivo experimental applications.
Aladdin: https://www.aladdinsci.com/
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