Zn doping and Mg doping manganese(II)-based perovskites toward sensor, rewritable paper and anti-counterfeiting applications

Environmentally friendly metal halides with reversible transformation of structure and luminescence properties have become a focal point of interest in the areas of anti-counterfeiting and sensors. Herein, Zn 2 + -doped DMAMnBr 3 and Mg 2+ -doped DMA 2 MnBr 4 were successfully synthesized using the evaporation-crystallization method. After doping Zn 2+ in DMAMnBr 3 , the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is enhanced from 18 % to 40 %. For DMAMnBr 3 , the introduction of Zn 2+ ions also accelerates the color-changing rate upon water absorption due to the tendency of Zn 2+ to form tetrahedral structures. Besides, the DMAMn 0.8 Zn 0.2 Br 3 exhibits excellent sensitivity. Hence, a temperature detection software is developed, which is capable of monitoring temperatures in the range of 323–403 K. For DMA 2 MnBr 4 , the incorporation of Mg 2+ ions not only leads to the enhancement of PLQY but also reduction of melting temperature. The theoretical calculation indicates that the decrease in the melting point is caused by the reduction in lattice energy. Utilizing this characteristic, we produced rewritable paper with excellent reusability. Finally, anti-counterfeiting labels were created using both DMAMn 0.8 Zn 0.2 Br 3 and DMA 2 Mn 0.95 Mg 0.05 Br 4 . The concealed information can be deciphered through straightforward heating. These results hold promise for extending the potential applications of manganese-based perovskite materials.