Unilateral thermosensitive Janus hemostatic dressing for matching coagulation physiological processes

Hemostatic dressings are a simple and effective method for managing bleeding emergencies. Based on the blood coagulation process, hemostatic dressings work optimally by aggregating hemocytes, releasing coagulation factors, and sealing blood in a sequential manner. Janus materials, which have different components compartmentalized, have the ability to independently perform multiple functions. In this study, a Janus nonwoven fabric (BG-PNIPAM) with thermo-sensitivity on one side, designed to consistent with the physiological process of coagulation, was created. When utilized for hemostasis, the poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) side of Janus BG-PNIPAM undergoes a phase transition within 1 minute. Prior to this, it adsorbs blood in injured site and aggregate hemocytes to form primary thrombus; Afterwards, it plays a sealing role to decrease blood loss. During this process, the bioactive glass (BG) side continuously releases SiO44- and Ca2+ to activate coagulation factors and accelerate the cascade reaction. The phase transition and hydrophilic/hydrophobic transition are triggered by body temperature and rapidly completed just like a click on the switch. Animal studies have demonstrated that Janus BG-PNIPAM shows superior hemostatic performance compared to nonwoven fabric and commercial QuikClot® gauze. Furthermore, its biosafety profile provides assurance for potential clinical applications in the future.