Tunable Dual Self-Healing Composite Coatings with Self-Assembled Structures Regulated by Janus Nanoparticles

The durability of concrete structures can be enhanced in a convenient and permanent manner through the surface protection of cementitious materials with composite polymer coatings. However, polymer coatings are susceptible to various mechanical and physical deterioration in complex and variable environments. In this paper, the theory of polymer microstructure regulation was employed to improve the sustainability of the protective performance of composite coatings. The self-assembled core–shell structure regulated by amphiphilic Janus nanoparticles is employed to modify the tunable polystyrene acrylate-polysiloxane self-healing coatings. The results demonstrate that the adhesion strength of the prepared self-assembled coating reached 3.7 MPa, which is sufficient to resist the damage to the microstructure of cementitious materials caused by physical erosion, seepage, and ionic corrosion. The self-healing coating, regulated by Janus particles, exhibited a residual creep of only 57.03% and a maximum loss angle tangent of 0.381. Furthermore, the material exhibited a superior shape memory function due to the presence of strong hydrogen bonding. The regulated self-healing coating repaired the polymer structural damage under mechanical and thermal deformation by bridging and filling effects. The coating demonstrated a tensile strength recovery of up to 71.23% in a wetted state, accompanied by a rapid restoration of its electrochemical properties and corrosion resistance. Furthermore, the self-healing emulsion penetrates the substrate defects and forms numerous polymer crystalline particles that effectively fill the microcracks.