The influence of Lu substitution on the microstructure, electromagnetic properties, and impedance of NiZnCo ferrite

This investigation delves into the repercussions of substituting Lu ions for Fe ions on the microstructural, electromagnetic, and impedance characteristics of NiZnCo ferrite. Intriguingly, the research substantiates that Lu 3+ ions adeptly supplant Fe 3+ ions at the B site, precisely the octahedral locus, within the ferrite lattice. The considerable ionic radius of Lu 3+ instigates lattice distortion, concomitantly diminishing the grain size of the ferrites. Furthermore, the infusion of Lu into the NiZnCo matrix induces noteworthy alterations in the electromagnetic profile of the specimen. These alterations are most conspicuous when  x  = 0.025, evidenced by the zenith in saturation magnetization at 52.76 emu/g—an impressive surge of 19.7 %. Simultaneously, coercivity ( H C ) experiences a remarkable escalation of 157.14 %. The oscillations discerned in the magnetic anisotropy constant and H a are intimately linked to the fluctuations observed in coercive force. Remarkably, the Nyquist plot elucidates a distinct relaxation mechanism in the Lu ion-substituted sample, with a conspicuous emphasis on the contributions stemming from the grains. This scholarly inquiry not only propels advancements in the realm of ferrite materials but also enhances our cognitive grasp of these intricate systems. Moreover, it lays a foundation for pioneering applications across diverse technological domains.