Structure, Dielectric, and Ferroelectric Properties of Li/Er and Li/Bi Co-Substituted BaTiO3 Ceramics

The effects of Li/Er and Li/Bi co-substitution on the structure, dielectric, and ferroelectric properties of BaTiO3 (BT) ceramics were investigated and analyzed. X-ray diffraction measurements show that the doped samples have a single tetragonal structure without secondary phases. Rietveld refinement results show that the Li/Er and Li/Bi ions tend to replace A-sites of BT lattices at low doping content. As the doping content increases, the Curie temperature moves to the high-temperature region due to the increased tetragonality and internal stress. Compared with the undoped ceramics, the ferroelectric properties of the doped ceramics are improved. The enhanced remnant polarization is attributed to the combined effects of large grain modulation and defect dipole arrangement.