Rapid detection of antibodies in skin interstitial fluid via fluorescent testing using antigen-modified porous microneedles

s Vaccines play a crucial role in managing pandemic diseases like SARS and emerging coronaviruses. Efficient and quick detection methods for antigen-specific antibodies could significantly aid in designing vaccines intelligently. Presently, the detection of these antibodies typically involves the collection of blood and subsequent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, lateral flow immunoassay, and similar assay techniques. However, blood collection causes patient discomfort and pain, requiring professional handling and often resulting in poor patient compliance. This work is based on the establishment of a rapid vaccine antibody detection technique based on microneedle technology, in which microneedles modified with bio-recognition elements (such as antigens) penetrate the stratum corneum to extract interstitial fluid through capillary action and selectively capture protein biomarkers (such as antibodies) in the ISF in a concentration-dependent manner. The protein biomarkers attached to the microneedles are subsequently identified using an in vitro fluorescence immunoassay. This study merges the specificity inherent in antigen-antibody binding with the porous characteristics of microneedles to swiftly capture and detect antibodies within the skin's interstitial fluid. Compared to conventional testing methods, microneedle technology doesn't necessitate blood collection, rendering the technique non-invasive, minimally uncomfortable, and highly efficient. Moreover, it enables rapid antibody detection, offering a promising and straightforward approach to the efficient detection of various antibodies.