Rapid and label-free quantitation of lipid peroxidation marker 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal using a localized surface plasmon resonance biosensor

Toxic reactive aldehyde, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), is an advanced lipid peroxidation product, that contributes to various oxidative stress-related diseases. However, the quantitation of 4-HNE in biological samples remains a challenge. Here, a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) biosensor is modified with the antibody targeting 4-HNE. The method is induced for directly quantifying 4-HNE in serum samples. The proposed LSPR method shows a short analysis time (10 min) and good sensitivity toward 4-HNE, with a detection limit of 0.15 nmol/L. The linearization of the signal allows the detection of 4-HNE in the range of 1.00–20.00 nmol/L. The LSPR method archives an interday precision of 3.96 %. The high selectivity of the LSPR method for 4-HNE is verified by two analogs, namely, 10-undecenal and 4-heptenal. This LSPR method is used for the direct detection of 4-HNE in mouse serum. Recovery ranges from 96.09 % to 100.37 % and precision ranges from 1.65 % to 3.10 %. An agreement between the results obtained using the LSPR method and Western blotting demonstrates that the developed LSPR method can be applied to measure the lipid peroxidation marker 4-HNE in biological samples. This work represents the first LSPR method for quantifying 4-HNE in serum, where samples are analyzed directly.