Polyvinyl alcohol/collagen composite scaffold reinforced with biodegradable polyesters/gelatin nanofibers for adipose tissue engineering

Breast cancer has become the most diagnosed cancer type, endangering the health of women. Patients with breast resection are likely to suffer serious physical and mental trauma. Therefore, breast reconstruction becomes an important means of postoperative patient rehabilitation. Polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel has great potential in adipose tissue engineering for breast reconstruction. However, its application is limited because of the lack of bioactive factors and poor structural stability. In this study, we prepared biodegradable polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer/polycaprolactone/gelatin (PPG) nanofibers. We then combined them with polyvinyl alcohol/collagen to create tissue engineering scaffolds to overcome limitations. We found that PPG fibers formed amide bonds with polyvinyl alcohol/collagen scaffolds. After chemical crosslinking, the number of amide bonds increased, leading to a significant improvement in their mechanical properties and thermal stability. The results showed that compared with pure PVA scaffolds, the maximum compressive stress of the scaffold doped with 0.9 g nanofibers increased by 500 %, and the stress loss rate decreased by 40.6 % after 10 cycles of compression. The presence of natural macromolecular gelatin and the changes in the pore structure caused by nanofibers provide cells with richer and more three-dimensional adsorption sites, allowing them to grow in three dimensions on the scaffold. So, the hydrogel scaffold by reinforcing polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel with PPG fibers is a promising breast reconstruction method.