Polyoxometalate-induced hydrogel with in situ nano/bioenzyme cascade reaction generating intensive and long-lasting glow-type chemiluminescence

In this study, we introduce a straightforward one-step, in-situ strategy for the generation of long-lasting and intensive glow-type chemiluminescence (CL) for glucose sensing in biological samples. The approach involves the utilization of polyoxometalate (POM)-induced alginate hydrogel, which effectively encapsulates both the catalysts (POM and glucose oxidase (GOx)) and the CL reagent (luminol) in solution. Leveraging the peroxidase-like nanozyme properties of POM and the bioenzyme GOx, embedded within the nano-sized pores of the hydrogel, we achieve intensive and persistent CL emission lasting over 16 h. The POM-hydrogel-based CL system demonstrates remarkable storage stability and reproducibility, and it can be applied to quantitatively determine serum glucose with high accuracy. Our study indicates that the POM-hydrogel platform, supporting and confining nano/bioenzyme cascade reactions, holds great promise for the establishment of glow-type CL systems, which could be of great value in various fields of CL biosensing and imaging.