Piezoelectric dual network dressing with adaptive electrical stimulation for diabetic infected wound repair via antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and angiogenesis

Electrical stimulation therapy plays a crucial role in the healing of wounds. However, electrical stimulation based on piezoelectric materials faces limitations in dynamically matching cell activity and lacks anti-infection properties, thereby restricting its broader clinical application. Herein, a piezoelectric dual network nanofiber dressing (CuEG/PVDF) was prepared using copper/ epigallocatechin 3-gallate (Cu 2+ /EGCG) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). This dressing constructs dynamic force-electrical closed-loop feedback signals through cell adhesion and adaptive electrical stimulation to accelerate the healing of infectious diabetic wounds. Benefiting for the Cu 2+ -EGCG metal-polyphenol network, it enhances the electromechanical coupling properties, hydrophilicity , and cell adhesion of the piezoelectric double network dressing. Cell proliferation and migration were promoted by increased adhesion area, enhanced adaptive electrical stimulation, and active calcium influx. Moreover, CuEG/PVDF demonstrate significant antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and angiogenic activities. In vivo experiments demonstrate that this dual-network piezoelectric dressing reduces the inflammatory response in rats, eliminates Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and accelerates wound repair. Overall, this study presents a promising strategy for implementing electrical stimulation in the treatment of infected wounds.