Novel Insights into Water-Soluble Carbohydrates Exploration in Different Species and Parts (Rhizome, Root, Leaf, Stem, Fruit) of Polygonatum Mill.

Polygonatum a widely recognized medicinal and edible plant, exhibits several confirmed biological activities and holds significant market potential. Numerous studies have identified polysaccharides are one of the primary bioactive components in the rhizomes of Polygonatum . Our previous research identified a notable presence of fructo-oligosaccharides in the rhizomes of Polygonatum sibiricum , highlighting its largely overlooked potential as a natural source of bioactive compounds. Therefore, a more systematic and comprehensive analysis of water-soluble carbohydrates across different species and plant parts of Polygonatum is essential. The aim of this study was to investigate the carbohydrate composition in four different Polygonatum species, focusing on the rhizomes, roots, leaves, stems, and fruits. In particular, we utilized a self-established method for the determination of fructo-oligosaccharides. The results indicated the presence of small amounts of mono/disaccharides and polysaccharides, as well as a considerable quantity of fructo-oligosaccharides in rhizome, root, fruit of Polygonatum . The low-molecular-weight glycans was the predominant carbohydrate in the rhizomes of Polygonatum Mill. spp., comprising over 80% of the total soluble carbohydrates, with polysaccharides contributing approximately 11%, and mono/disaccharides less than 10%. Our study offers valuable insights and a meaningful basis for the excavation of the functional carbohydrate resources of the Polygonatum Mill.