Long-term protection of concrete via facile spray-based superhydrophobic modification: Exceptional waterproofing and anti-corrosion performance

Both superhydrophobic bulk modification and coating have inherent limitations in providing waterproofing and anti-corrosion properties for concrete. This study developed a slurry with exceptional penetration at room temperature, seamlessly integrating superhydrophobic properties with concrete’s inherent strength. After two applications of spraying, the slurry penetrates concrete blocks to a depth exceeding 10 mm. After 2 min of spraying the slurry at room temperature, the concrete exhibits hydrophobic properties, achieving superhydrophobicity after 7–9 h, with a water contact angle of 156 ± 0.5° and a sliding angle of 3 ± 0.5°. Treated concrete blocks show at least a 70 % reduction in water absorption after immersion in various solutions for 30 days. They also demonstrate strong resistance to freeze–thaw cycles, temperature shocks, electrochemical corrosion, abrasion, and UV radiation. This innovative method offers a promising approach   for designing superhydrophobic concrete, thereby enhancing its practical applications in engineering.