Iron complexes synthesized from FeOCl with carboxylic acid based ligands as Fenton-like catalysts for the highly efficient degradation of organic dyes over a wide pH range

Iron-based materials have garnered significant attention as Fenton-like catalysts for the degradation of organic dyes. However, challenges remain in optimizing hydroxyl radical (•OH) utilization and broadening the effective pH range for practical applications. In this study, three iron-based catalysts (complex 1 , 2 , 3 ) were synthesized via a hydrothermal method, utilizing iron oxychloride (FeOCl) as the metal ion source and 4,5-imidazole dicarboxylic acid, furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid, and 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid as ligands, respectively. The results indicate that these synthesized Fe-based catalysts exhibit enhanced visible light absorption and superior photo-Fenton activity, outperforming FeOCl in the degradation of rhodamine B (Rh-B), crystal violet (CV), and methylene blue (MB). Moreover, the Fe-based catalyst system operates effectively over a wide pH range (1–8) and efficiently degrades organic dyes. In free radical scavenging experiments, hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and superoxide radicals (•O 2 - ) were identified as the primary agents responsible for photocatalytic degradation. Among the catalysts, complex 1 displayed notable stability, retaining its catalytic activity after three reuse cycles. This work presents a promising approach for designing highly efficient and stable Fenton-like catalysts, offering excellent environmental remediation capabilities across a broad pH range.