Implementation of durable structural supercapacitors with molybdate-ion-intercalated NiCo-LDH and polymer-cement composite

The suboptimal multifunctionality exhibited by structural supercapacitors (SSC) can be ascribed to a range of factors, encompassing the trade-off between electrical and mechanical performance of electrolyte, an inadequate interface contact between the electrode and electrolyte, as well as sluggish ion transport in the electrode and electrolyte. Herein, a new SSC architecture is introduced. First, the molybdate-ion-intercalated NiCo-LDH electrode is prepared by a convenient hydrothermal process. Benefiting from the unique 3D flower-like structure and MoO 4 2− doping effect, the as-prepared NiCo-LDH-MoO 4 2- -1 possesses high capacitance (1937.7 F g −1 ) and reversible charge-discharge stability. Subsequently, the PVA/PAA-cement composite is prepared by constructing a dual polymer-cement interwoven network. The rich intertwined network structure endows the composite with excellent mechanical and electrical properties, manifesting in a 189 % improvement in compressive strength and a 427 % augmentation in ionic conductivity compared to the pure cement. Meanwhile, an all-in-one SSC is assembled by an integrated polymerization-hydration synchronization strategy to improve interface contact. The resulting device presents superb energy density of 37.1 Wh kg −1 and long-life cycles. On the basis of these unique features, the device can be integrated into houses or road substrates for energy autarkic shelters and self-charging roads, which will significantly contribute to the development of new energy technologies and carbon neutrality fields.