From graphite of used lithium-ion batteries to holey graphite coated by carbon with enhanced lithium storage capability

The efficient recycling of waste graphite anode from used lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has attracted considerable concerns mainly owing to the environment protection and reutilization of resources. Herein, we reported a rational and facile strategy for the synthesis of holey graphite coated by carbon (hG 0.01 @C 0.10 ) through the separation, purification and creation of holey structures of waste graphite by using NaOH and carbon-coating by using phenolic resin. The holey structures facilitate the hG 0.01 @C 0.10 with the quick penetration of electrolytes and rapid diffusion of Li + . The carbon coating is more favorable for hG 0.01 @C 0.10 with improved electronic conductivity and less alleviated volume during the cycles. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of holey structures and carbon coating, the hG 0.01 @C 0.10 as anode for LIBs displays a high reversible capacity of 377.6 mAh g -1 at 0.5 C and superior rate capabilities ( e.g., 348.0 and 274.7 mAh g -1 at 1 and 2 C, respectively) and maintains a high reversible capacity of 278.7 mAh g -1 at 1 C after 300 cycles with an initial capacity retention of 80.0 %.