Enhancing comprehensive performances of polybenzoxazine through integration of soft core–soft shell cellulose-based nanoparticles

To further increasing the toughness performance of thermoset resins without sacrificing their other properties is still a challenge task. In this study, the soft core–soft shell nanoparticles based on polydopamine-modified cellulose nanocrystals (P-CNC) were synthesized and seamlessly integrated with Bisphenol A-aniline benzoxazine (BA-a). Notably, the results underscore the remarkable impact of a mere 0.2 wt% of P-CNC on BA-a, boosting the impact strength of the modified system to 19.5 kJ/m 2 . This achievement represents a substantial 140.7% increase compared with pure polybenzoxazine. Moreover, the flexural strength reaches 133.4 MPa, surpassing pure polybenzoxazine by 16.2%. And the modified system exhibits a 10% weight loss temperature ( T d10 ) at 321.7°C, accompanied by a char yield of 27.6%. This holistic approach results in a notable enhancement of the toughness performance while concurrently maintaining the flexural strength and the thermal stability of the modified system. Consequently, the integration of soft core–soft shell nanoparticles emerges as a promising strategy for enhancing thermoset resin properties without undermining their existing exceptional attributes. Highlights The core–shell nanoparticles were made by dopamine and cellulose nanocrystals. The core–shell nanoparticles can enhance the toughness of polybenzoxazine. Nanoparticle-matrix interactions and deformation led to improved properties.