Enhanced osteogenic potential of magnesium oxide-doped biphasic calcium phosphate bioceramics prepared by stereolithography

Bioceramics, particularly biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP), are extensively used in implants owing to their excellent biocompatibility. However, for effective bone repair, these materials must also exhibit strong mechanical properties and high bioactivity, which are areas where BCP shows promise but still requires enhancement. Elemental doping, especially with magnesium oxide (MgO), has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance these properties. Despite its potential, limited research has explored the preparation of MgO-doped bioceramics using stereolithography (SLA), a method highly relevant for fabricating bioceramic scaffolds for biomedical applications. In this study, porous bioscaffolds were successfully developed for the first time using the SLA technology by incorporating various MgO-doped BCPs. The findings revealed that doping BCP with 1 wt% MgO significantly enhanced the mechanical strength, promoted cell proliferation, and induced osteogenic gene expression without cytotoxic effects. These results show that 1MgO-BCP prepared using SLA offers superior mechanical properties and biological responses, making it a highly promising candidate for bone repair applications.