Enhanced energy storage properties of BaTiO3 ceramics: Effect of doping Bi(Mg0.25Zn0.25Ti0.5)O3 on microstructure, dielectric and ferroelectric properties

(1- x ) BaTiO 3 – x Bi(Mg 0.25 Zn 0.25 Ti 0.5 )O 3 ( x  = 0.00, 0.06, 0.12, 0.20,molar ratio) ceramics were prepared by solid sintering method. The effects of Bi(Mg 0.25 Zn 0.25 Ti 0.5 )O 3 (BMZT) doping on microstructure, dielectric, ferroelectric and energy storage properties of BaTiO 3 (BTO) were studied. With BMZT addition, the sintering temperature gradually decreases, the grain size reaches a minimum at x  = 0.12 and the phase structure changes from tetragonal to cubic. And dielectric properties changed from temperature-dependent to temperature-insensitive. Additionally, higher cubic phase content induced slim polarization and electric field (P-E) loop and low remnant polarization (P r ). Therefore, 0.88 BaTiO 3 - 0.12 Bi(Mg 0.25 Zn 0.25 Ti 0.5 )O 3 ceramics achieved recoverable energy storage density (W rec ) of 702.7 mJ/cm 3 and high energy efficiency of 87.3 % under electric field of 93 kV/cm. It exhibited optimum properties, including a minimum grain size (0.620 μm), superior dielectric properties (ε r  = 1811.3, tanδ = 0.0552 at 1150 °C), a high maximum polarization strength (14.3 μC/cm 2 ), and the maximum dielectric breakdown strength (93 kV/cm), as identified in the present study. It simultaneously maintains high energy storage density and efficiency over a wide electric field range and large temperature range (room temperature - 90 °C). Thus (1- x ) BaTiO 3 – x Bi(Mg 0.25 Zn 0.25 Ti 0.5 )O 3 ceramics are a promising material for energy storage applications.