Enhanced bone regeneration via surface functionalization of biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds with dopamine-modified hyaluronic acid hydrogel or mg-doped calcium silicate

Rapid induction of angiogenesis is crucial for the treatment of large bone defects and accelerating the material-mediated bone defect repair process. In this study, we employed a negative pressure infiltration method to coat the surface of porous BCP scaffolds with dopamine-modified hyaluronic acid (HA-DA) hydrogel and magnesium-doped calcium silicate (Mg-CS). In vitro results demonstrated that HA-DA hydrogel coating with an appropriate degree of dopamine grafting significantly improved the in vitro angiogenic activity of BCP scaffolds without affecting their osteogenic activity. The Mg-CS coating, heat-treated to ensure good combination with the BCP matrix, could sustainably release angiogenic silicon ions and osteogenic magnesium ions. Results from rat cranial defect repair showed that the implanted BCP@HA-DA-2 and BCP@10 Mg-CS scaffolds further accelerated the occurrence and development of neovascularization at the defect site, facilitating new bone formation. Among them, BCP@10 Mg-CS scaffold exhibited the best bone defect repair effect and has the potential for clinical application.