Effective free-standing electrodes with refined structure via sputtering Ti sublayer and altering working pressure for electrocatalytic benzaldehyde hydrogenation

Highly effective free-standing electrocatalysts are demanded to reduce biomass-oriented aldehydes to alcohols. Magnetron sputtering is efficient to produce film-based catalysts, but depositing transition metals on carbon fiber paper (CFP) faces the challenge of weak adhesion. Here we introduced a strategy with sputtered Ti as a sublayer to enhance the adhesion between Ni and CFP, and systematically studied the changes in morphology and catalytic performances. Different from the dense structure of Ni directly sputtered on CFP, the Ni on Ti sublayer demonstrates a column-channel architecture, and shows fast electron/ion transfer and stable structure during the reaction. Moreover, the microstructure of Ni film was further modified by regulating the working pressure during sputtering. The enhanced electrocatalytic performance with Ti sublayer is ascribed to the higher adhesion strength, the faster electron/ion transfer and the enriched local concentration of hydronium ions, which are confirmed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and in-situ surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy.