Chlorella-encapsulated living hydrogel based on gelatin and carrageenan with oxygen production, hemostatic and antibacterial capacity for promoting wound healing

Hypoxia can prolong the healing time of wounds and oxygen delivery to the hypoxic tissue has been reported an effective strategy for promoting wound regeneration. Bacterial infections can interfere with the wound healing process, leading to poor skin regeneration and even more serious complications, which is also an urgent issue to be solved during the process of wound healing. To address the problem of delayed wound healing caused by hypoxia and bacterial infections, we fabricated a series of Chlorella -loaded hydrogels (CK) using gelatin, κ-carrageenan and I-carrageenan as matrixes, which introduced Chlorella and ampicillin conferred oxygen-producing and antimicrobial capacity to the hydrogel. The CK hydrogels possessed good mechanical and adhesive properties, as well as the capability of efficient and sustained oxygen release. The hydrogels possessed outstanding hemostatic ability, excellent blood and cell compatibility, which also owned excellent antibacterial capacity against E. coli and S. aureus . More notably, the in vivo evaluation revealed that the hydrogel can accelerate wound healing by promoting collagen deposition, which may as a promising potential wound dressing for hypoxic wound healing.