Ceramic catalytic membrane with low metal ion leaching for bisphenol A removal via peroxymonosulfate activation

In this work, Co-Mn coated ceramic catalytic membrane (M Co-Mn ) was successfully fabricated by applying a facile process of impregnation and calcination. The optimized M Co-Mn exhibited outstanding catalytic activity of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for bisphenol A (BPA) removal (above 95 %) and demonstrated low metal ions leaching (below 20 μg/L) under various operational conditions. Results from chemical quenching tests, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analyses and electrochemical tests, revealed that free radicals (SO 4 − and OH) and high-valent metal-oxo (HVMO) species (Co 4+ and Mn 5+ ) were the main reactive species responsible for BPA degradation in the M Co-Mn /PMS system. The noteworthy point is that the OH and HVMO species exerted a more significant influence at low flux, while SO 4 − and HVMO species became more prominent at high flux. Furthermore, M Co-Mn /PMS system exhibited excellent degradation efficiency towards diverse pollutants and exceptional cycling stability. The possible pathways for BPA degradation were proposed and the toxicity of degradation intermediates was further analyzed. This work holds significance in advancing catalytic membrane filtration with PMS activation for eliminating emerging contaminates in water.