Carbon Nanofiber/Polyaniline Composite Aerogel with Excellent Electromagnetic Interference Shielding, Low Thermal Conductivity, and Extremely Low Heat Release

Using electrospun high-strength carbon nanofibers as the aerogel scaffold, high loading of polyaniline in the aerogel was achieved through seed polymerization, forming the core–shell structure fibers and simultaneously connecting the fibers as a stable conductive network. Combining carbon-based materials with conductive polymers like polyaniline significantly improves shielding performance, achieving electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency of up to 84.5 dB and SE d −1 values greater than 791.2 dB cm 3 g⁻ 1 . Flame retardancy reduces PHRR by 65.8%, and thermal insulation with low thermal conductivity of 0.104 W m⁻ 1 K⁻ 1 .