Application of HMN-Cu2+ gel with anticoagulant function in promoting rapid vascular endothelial repair in blood fluid environment

Atherosclerotic plaques can be eliminated using approaches such as endarterectomy. However, intimal damage resulting from surgery is frequently challenging to address. Traditional surgical techniques often incorporate foreign substances such as modified stents or drugs to counter the consequences of intimal defects. Such treatment makes it difficult to repair vascular defects in endothelial segments. It is prone to cause problems such as hyperplasia and abnormal blood supply due to vascular endothelial defects. In this study, hyaluronic acid (HA), a natural extracellular mechanism component that is not prone to actively induce coagulation, was employed as a biomimetic material for intimal repair. Through chemical grafting modification, the gel was endowed with rapid photocuring performance within 3 s, and the scientific attributes of the gel-series materials were enhanced. The additional incorporation of Cu 2+ into the gel-prepared HMN-Cu 2+ hydrogel augmented the anticoagulant effect of the material while enhancing blood cell compatibility. The results of material science experiments indicate that HMN gel can adhere stably to various biological interfaces in a fluid environment mimicking blood flow, and its swelling and degradation properties are appropriate. Cell experiments and blood evaluation demonstrated that the gel exhibited favorable erythrocyte compatibility and anticoagulant and endothelial spreading capabilities during intimal repair. The gel has the potential to substitute the intima barrier, improve the intima repair environment, and facilitate subsequent intima repair. It can effectively resolve the problem of intima layer irreparability during novel low-damage vascular surgeries such as intima stripping and plaque rotation.