Advanced technology based on Poly(deep eutectic solvent) core–shell nanomaterials enriched with Fructus Choerospondias phenols for efficient defense against UVB-induced ferroptosis

Plant phenolic compounds serve as significant natural antioxidants. However, traditional preparation methods face sustainability challenges. In this study, we synthesized a novel deep eutectic solvent (DES) modified core–shell nanomaterial composed of betaine, ethylene glycol and dopamine hydrochloride based on the spatial arrangement formed by the abundant weak interaction forces in the poly(deep eutectic solvent) (PDES). Utilizing the PDES magnetic nanomaterial and combined with ultrasound-assisted matrix solid phase dispersion (UA-MSPD), it was able to efficiently enrich Fructus Choerospondias phenols (FCP) up to 61.468 ± 0.405 mg/g. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to analyze the adsorption mechanism between the material and the target compounds, which involved weak interactions of electrostatics, hydrogen bonds, and π-π stacking, while maintaining the activity of phenols without destroying the molecular structure. Remarkably, the adsorption efficiency of the material remained above 80 % after six repetitions, indicating excellent reusability. FCPs were identified and analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). The FCP prepared by Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @PDES exhibited superior in vitro antioxidant performance, achieving enrichment and purification in one step. Cell experiment results showed that FCP could scavenge ROS, regulate cytokines, and reduce ferroptosis caused by ultraviolet radiation, making FCP have therapeutic value in practical applications. The technology opens up a new way for the green and sustainable production and enrichment of plant phenolic compounds for anti-aging treatment.