AA grafted PVA/CMC interpenetrating network gel polymer electrolyte for quasi-solid-state zinc ion hybrid supercapacitor

Polymer gel electrolyte is a topic for a storage energy device. This work focuses on the double interpenetrating network polymer of polyvinyl alcohol/carboxymethyl cellulose (PVA/CMC) to graft acrylic acid (AA) and combine ZnCl 2 to form multi-polymer network gel electrolyte for zinc ion supercapacitors. The assembled zinc ion supercapacitors of commercial activated carbon (YP50)//Zn with multi-polymer network gel electrolyte exhibit higher specific capacitance of 272 F g −1 at a current density of 0.25 A g −1 than the device with polyvinyl alcohol/polyacrylic acid (PVA/PAA) or PVA electrolyte. In addition, the zinc ion supercapacitor can achieve a maximum energy density of 151.2 Wh kg −1 , higher than traditional electrical double layer supercapacitor YP50//YP50 device. Further, the device can work under different temperatures from −20∼60 °C, which can meet the requirements of some outdoor activities for energy storage devices.