A Novel Chiral Amino Acid-Based Methodology for Authenticity and Origin Determination of Chinese Wines

In this study, we established a novel chiral metabolomic methodology for determining the authenticity and geographical origin of grape wines. We investigated the metabolites present in Chinese grape wine samples using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrophenyl-5-l-alanine amide (FDAA) and o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA), respectively. The data were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), respectively. We identified 11 amino acids in the OPA mode and 18 amino acids in the FDAA mode, serving as discriminative markers for the wine samples. The chiral FDAA mode demonstrated an enhanced degree of separation among various group samples compared to the nonchiral OPA mode, leading to superior classification outcomes. This study underscores the efficacy of the chiral FDAA mode in achieving optimal separation for different wine types, grape varieties, and geographical regions.