Graphene oxide-reinforced poly (ether-ether-ketone)/silica composites with improved mechanical performance and surface bioactivity

The control of interfacial interaction between polymers and fillers is essential for the fabrication of high-performance polymer composites. In this work, poly(ether-ether-ketone)/silica (PEEK/SiO 2 ) and PEEK/SiO 2 /graphene oxide (GO) composite were prepared by ball milling-ultrasonic dispersion combined with melt extrusion injection molding . GO nanosheets were introduced as the interfacial enhancer to improve interfacial binding between SiO 2 and PEEK. Mechanical tests showed that the incorporation of SiO 2 and GO greatly optimized the modulus, strength , and fracture toughness of the composites. The tensile strength and Young's modulus of the PEEK/SiO 2 composites increases with the increase of SiO 2 content. The maximum tensile strength and Young's modulus of the PEEK/SiO 2 composites are approximate 95.9 ± 0.6 MPa and 4.007 ± 0.005 GPa at 30 wt% of SiO 2 , an increase of 6.4% and 21.2% than that of pure PEEK. The maximum tensile strength and Young's modulus of the PEEK/SiO 2 /GO composite are further improved to approximate 101.5 ± 0.7 MPa and 4.62 ± 0.08 GPa at a GO content of 1.5% wt, which is 12.6% and 39.4% higher than that of pure PEEK. In addition, SEM images show that numerous HA formed on the surface of the PEEK/SiO 2 /GO composite after immersion in SBF for 7 days, and the HA layer becomes gradually thicker after 14 days, implying the good osteogenic activity of PEEK/SiO 2 /GO composites. Therefore, these results suggest that the use of GO as a novel filler surface modifier for the preparation of high-performance composites may become a novel interfacial design strategy for the development of high-performance composites.