Kinetics study of the N-formylation of aniline with DMF catalyzed by temperature-controlled Brønsted ionic liquids

A series of SO 3 -functional Brønsted acidic ionic liquids (SBAILs) were prepared to catalyze the N -formylation of aniline with DMF . The reaction conditions such as ionic liquid type, reaction temperature, catalyst loading and molar ratio of reactants were investigated. To the best of our knowledge, kinetic model for the N -formylation of aniline with DMF using SBAIL was firstly built and simulated. The studies on the reaction order of the reaction were evaluated by initial concentration method, and the kinetic parameters such as reaction rate constant and activation energy were proposed and used to explain the catalytic activities of the SBAILs catalysts. Accordingly, the recycling experiments showed that the SBAIL [Bsmim][HSO 4 ] can be easily recovered and reused with stable activity. Further, the temperature-controlled study emphasized that the ionic liquid was easy to be separated and environmentally friendly.