Electromagnetic Properties and Microwave Absorption of Electrospun Fe2O3-Carbon Composite Nanofibers with Particle–Nanorod Structure

Multifunctional composite nanostructure prepared via electrospinning has attracted wide attention. In this study, Fe 2 O 3 -carbon composite nanofiber with particle–nanorod structure was successfully prepared via electrospinning and followed calcination. Then, the electromagnetic properties of this material have been fully characterized, and the influence of different preparation conditions on these properties has been studied. In addition, compared to pure γ -Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles and hollow Fe 2 O 3 nanofibers, the composite nanofibers with a thickness of 2.64 mm exhibited an additional absorption peak at a frequency of 13.92 GHz and an enhancement in absorption at a frequency of 15.45 GHz, which may be attributed to the increase in electrical loss introduced by amorphous carbon and the enhanced magnetic loss resulting from the multi-stage reflection introduced by the particle–nanorod structure. This study shows that the composite of Fe 2 O 3 and carbon, and the introduction of the particle–nanorod structure can improve the microwave absorption efficiency of materials, and more nanocomposites can be designed like this to further improve their electromagnetic properties and absorption efficiency in the future.