Construction and Properties of Simvastatin and Calcium Phosphate Dual-Loaded Coaxial Fibrous Membranes with Osteogenic and Angiogenic Functions

The ideal Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) membrane is required to have good biocompatibility, space maintenance ability, appropriate degradation rate, and preferably can guide the regeneration of vascularized bone tissue. In this study, Simvastatin (SIM) and calcium Phosphate (CaP) were encapsulated in a Polycaprolactone (PCL)/Chitosan (CS) core–shell structural fibrous membranes via coaxial electrospinning technology. The results showed that loaded SIM in the core of the core–shell structure fibrous membranes could sustainably release the drug for more than two months and upregulate the angiogenic marker of Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs). Adding a certain amount of CaP to the shell layer provided more sites for the mineralization and synergistic with SIM to promote osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in vitro. The intramuscular implantation experiments in rabbits suggested a normal early inflammation and enhanced vascularization induced by the SIM-loaded fibrous membranes. This study proposed an effective strategy to prepare a dual-loaded core–shell fibrous membrane for guided vascularized bone tissue regeneration.