High energy storage performance in BaTiO3-based lead-free relaxors via multi-dimensional collaborative design

The application of advanced pulse power capacitors strongly depends on the fabrication of high-performance energy storage ceramics. However, the low recoverable energy storage density ( W rec ) and energy efficiency ( η ) become the key links limiting the development of energy storage capacitors. In this work, a high W rec of ∼5.57 J cm −3 and a large η of ∼85.6% are simultaneously realized in BaTiO 3 -based relaxor ceramics via multi-dimensional collaborative design, which are mainly attributed to the ferroelectric-relaxor transition, enhanced polarization, improved breakdown electric field, and delayed polarization saturation. Furthermore, the excellent temperature stability (Δ W rec < ± 5%, 25–140 °C), frequency stability (Δ W rec < ± 5%, 1–200 Hz), and outstanding charge/discharge performance (current density ∼1583.3 A cm −2 , power density ∼190.0 MW cm −3 ) with good thermal stability are also achieved. It is encouraging that this work demonstrates that multi-dimensional collaborative design is a good strategy to develop new high-performance lead-free materials used in advanced dielectric capacitors.