Modification of basalt fiber with Ni and carbon black formed synergistic microstructure for enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption

The heterostructure composite has unique advantage in promoting electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption due to special composition and structure. Herein, carbon black (CB)/Ni hybrids were successfully assembled on basalt fiber (BF) by electrostatic self-assembly and dip-coating processes. The EMW absorption performance is optimized by regulating the ratio of flower-like Ni and CB. Based on the synergistic effect of magnetic loss Ni and dielectric loss CB, the RL of the prepared BF-CB/Ni composite reaches up to − 35.29 dB at 16.97 GHz with thickness of 1.5 mm and efficient absorption bandwidth (EAB) reaches 5.38 GHz. Large heterogeneous contacts constructed by various components on the surface of BF strengthen the polarization loss and conductivity loss. This work provides an effective way to design absorbing materials with good environmental stability and corrosion resistance.