Hydrochloric acid-modified fungi-microalgae biochar for adsorption of tetracycline hydrochloride: Performance and mechanism

Novel biochar (BC) was prepared by pyrolysis using Aspergillus oryzae - Microcystis aeruginosa ( AOMA ) flocs as raw materials. It has been used for tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) adsorption along with acid (HBC) and alkali modification (OHBC). Compared with BC (114.5 m 2  g −1 ) and OHBC (283.9 m 2  g −1 ), HBC had a larger specific surface area (S BET  = 338.6 m 2  g −1 ). Meanwhile, the Elovich kinetic and Sip isotherm models adequately fit the adsorption data, and intraparticle diffusion is the controlling factor for TC adsorption diffusion on HBC. Furthermore, the thermodynamic data indicated that this adsorption was endothermic and spontaneous. The experimental results demonstrated that there are multiple interactions during the adsorption reaction process, including pore filling, H-bonds, π-π interaction, hydrophobic affinity, and van der Waals forces. In general, biochar prepared from flocs of AOMA can be used to remediate tetracycline-contaminated water, and it is of great significance in improving resource utilization.