In situ formed carbon nanoparticles enables colorimetric and fluorometric dual-mode immunoassay detection of amantadine in poultry foodstuffs

To prevent the hazard concerns of amantadine (AMD) on humans, a sensitive and reliable detection method is urgently required. Herein, we reported a one-pot method in situ synthesis of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) exhibited yellow color and green fluorescence. 4-Aminophenyl phosphate was catalyzed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) to ρ-aminophenol (AP), and induced polymerization with diethylenetriamine (DETA) under a mild condition, which promotes in situ formation of CNPs with excellent photoluminescence stability. According to ALP-triggered specific catalytic reaction and in situ formed CNPs as signal tags, we proposed a dual-signal immunoassay for colorimetric and fluorometric monitoring AMD residues in poultry foodstuffs. Under an optimized detection parameter, the linear range and detection limit corresponded to colorimetric and fluorometric were 0.03 to 200 ng g −1 and 0.03 to 200 ng g −1 , 0.047 ng g −1 and 0.060 ng g −1 , respectively. The convincing performance of our established in-situ dual-readout sensing platforms opened a promising horizon for monitoring AMD residues in poultry productions.