The complementary effect between biochar and ferrihydrite in sustainable Fenton-like oxidation of pollutant

Biochar (BC) and ferrihydrite (Fh) were used together in activation of H 2 O 2 for removal of sulfamethazine (SMZ), a refractory antibiotic pollutant. The results show a complementary effect between biochar and ferrihydrite on activation of H 2 O 2 , namely biochar accelerated Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ) cycle through electron donation/transfer, while ferrihydrite enhanced the yield of • OH through a sustainable release of dissolved Fe. Thus several times more • OH was produced in the co-activated system (BC + Fh/H 2 O 2 ) than either in the ferrihydrite-catalyzed Fenton-like system (Fh/H 2 O 2 ) or in the biochar-activated system (BC/H 2 O 2 ). Consequently, a more efficient oxidation of SMZ was observed in BC + Fh/H 2 O 2 , in which the reaction rate constant ( k obs ) is 30.7 times in Fh/H 2 O 2 and 6.08 times in BC/H 2 O 2 , respectively. This research provides a simple and sustainable strategy for enhancing the efficiency of Fenton-like oxidation of pollutants.