Performance and mechanism of antibacterial activity and organic dyes degradation of WO3/TiO2/(Ca,Y)F2:Tm,Yb loaded on Bio-CaCO3

Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) has received widespread attention as high stability, low toxicity and costless photocatalyst , but it only exhibits photocatalytic activity under ultraviolet (UV) light. To improve TiO 2 photocatalytic efficiency, Bio-CaCO 3 /WO 3 /TiO 2 /(Ca,Y)F 2 :Tm,Yb was prepared. TiO 2 was combined with upconversion materials, coupled with WO 3 and loaded on oyster shell powder (Bio-CaCO 3 ), which showed that the prepared photocatalyst effectively reduce the band gap of TiO 2 , expand the photoreaction range of the material and avoid agglomeration, thus improving its photocatalytic efficiency and antibacterial efficiency. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of Bio-CaCO 3 /WO 3 /TiO 2 /(Ca,Y)F 2 :Tm,Yb (50 mg) was 24.32% higher than that of TiO 2 /(Ca,Y)F 2 :Tm,Yb in 90 min. And its antibacterial rates against Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) and Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) were enhanced by 38.68% and 25.89% compared to TiO 2 /(Ca,Y)F 2 :Tm,Yb, respectively.