High-frequency and intrinsic dielectric properties of β-CaSiO3 and its application: the microstrip patch antenna

Designing and fabricating antennas that exhibit low losses and are compact, lightweight, and highly radiation efficient are challenging in the wireless-communication field. In this study, we simulated and fabricated microstrip patch antennas using β-CaSiO 3 low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) as dielectric resonator substrate. Compact ceramics that show good microwave dielectric properties (a relative dielectric constant [ ε r ] of 6.57, high-quality factor [ Q × f ] of 35 086 GHz [@14.85 GHz], and temperature coefficient of frequency [ τ f ] of −33.56 ppm °C −1 for the optimal composition) were obtained when Li 2 O–CaO–B 2 O 3 –CuO glass was added to β-CaSiO 3 and sintered at 950°C. The high-frequency properties of these composite ceramics reveal that the dielectric constant and dielectric loss are stable in the 38−58 and 70−90 GHz ranges, respectively. Furthermore, a circularly polarized antenna fabricated using a CaSiO 3 -based ceramic shows a high radiation efficiency (92.04%) and gain (3.35 dBi) at a center frequency of 2.5 GHz. These β-CaSiO 3 composite ceramics offer promising prospects for high-frequency use as well as in mobile communication applications. This study provides insight for the development of innovative antennas with new LTCC materials.