A sandwich-type dual-mode biosensor based on graphdiyne and DNA nanoframework for ultra-sensitive detection of CD142 gene

Thalassemia is a globally prevalent single-gene blood disorder, with nearly 7% of the world's population being carriers. Therefore, the development of specific and sensitive methods for thalassemia detection holds significant importance. Herein, a sandwich-type electrochemical/colorimetric dual-mode biosensor is developed based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)/graphdiyne (GDY) and DNA nanoframeworks for ultra-sensitive detection of CD142 gene associated with sickle cell anemia. Utilizing AuNPs/GDY as the substrate electrode, the fabricated sandwiched DNA nanoframework not only improves selectivity but also introduces numerous signal probes to further amplify the output signal. In the electrochemical mode, glucose oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of glucose, generating electrons that are transferred to the biocathode for a reduction reaction, resulting in an electric signal proportional to the target concentration. In the colorimetric mode, glucose oxidase catalyzes the generation of H 2 O 2 from glucose, and with the aid of horseradish peroxidase , H 2 O 2 oxidizes 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine to produce a colored product, enabling colorimetric detection of the target. The dual-mode biosensor demonstrates a detection range of 0.0001–100 pM in the electrochemical mode and a detection range of 0.0001–10,000 pM in the colorimetric mode. The detection limit in the electrochemical mode is determined to be 30.4 aM ( S/N=3 ), while in the colorimetric mode is of 35.6 aM ( S/N=3 ). This dual-mode detection achieves ultra-sensitive detection of CD142, demonstrating broad prospects for application.