Boosting stability of inverted perovskite solar cells with magnetron-sputtered molybdenum rear electrodes

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted widespread attention because of their remarkable efficiency, low cost, and ease of fabrication. However, the operational stability of the PSCs still suffers from the corrosion of metal electrodes induced by metal-halide reactions. Herein, we propose a feasible strategy for improving the stability of inverted PSCs by using magnetron-sputtered Mo rear electrodes. Coupled with a bismuth (Bi) buffer layer prepared by thermal evaporation, the damage from the magnetron sputtering process toward the underlayers can be effectively relieved. Consequently, based on the Bi + Mo bilayer electrode, the inverted PSCs with a NiMgLiO hole transport layer exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.82%. In addition to their excellent stability at high temperatures, compact Mo films can inhibit the decomposition of Perovskite (Pvk) films in the devices. The PSCs with the Bi/Mo bilayer electrode maintained 97.9% of its initial efficiency, showing better stability than PSCs with the traditional Ag electrode after aging for 3000 h under continuous light illumination. Graphic abstract