Novel proton-type ionic liquid doped polyaniline for the headspace solid-phase microextraction of amines.

A novel proton-type ionic liquid doped polyaniline (HIL-doped PANI) coating was presented, which was prepared on a stainless steel wire by electrodeposition in an aqueous solution containing aniline and 1-sulfobutyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrosulfate. The HIL-doped PANI coating showed granular nanostructure and had large specific surface. When it was applied to the headspace solid-phase microextraction of several amines (i.e., aniline, N -methylaniline, 3-methylaniline, 2-chloroaniline and 3-chloroaniline), it showed high extraction efficiency. The enrichment factors were 191.8–343.9 for different amines, much higher than those of common PANI and commercial polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene coatings. Coupled with gas chromatographic analysis, the linear ranges were 0.097–100   μg/L with correlation coefficients above 0.9942, and the detection limits were 0.012–0.048   μg/L (S/N   =   3) for different amines. The relative standard deviations (RSD) were smaller than 8.1% for five successive measurements with single fiber and the fiber-to-fiber RSDs were 8.6–13.8% ( n   =   5) for these amines. The proposed method was successfully applied to the extraction and determination of amines in organic waste water samples, and the recoveries were 78.3–112.8% for different analytes.